Different ways to make a baby

 Makin babies!

• When i heard about all the ways you can make a baby, I was amazed! I had no idea you can reproduce in so many ways. Well of course everyone knows a the nature way with sex. But the other 18 ways are just crazy.

1. Nature sex
2. single sperm is injected into the mothers egg.
3. of mother with sperm
4. with egg and sperm donors, using surrogate mother
5. Vitro fertilization using egg of mother and sperm of father
6. Intra cytoplamic sperm injection
7. Freezing embryos for womans later use
8. Premplantation genetic diagnosis
9. egg donor
10. sperm donor
11. egg and sperm donor
12. surrogate using parents 
13. surrogate and egg donor
14. surrogate and sperm donor
15. egg, sperm from baby father
16. surrogate using egg anf sperm donors.
17. Cytoplasmic transfer
18. Nuclear transfer/ cloning

The one that i think is pretty amazing is taking eggs from a woman and freezing them then later fertilzing them with mans sperm,  returning the embryos to her uterus days later. Therefore you could have a baby at whatever age you want. The other one that  interests me  is cloning. I think that it is so crazy that we got so advanced, that it is a possibly.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/glossary.html#frozen

DNA LAB*

 




 

Getting DNA from wheat

• First, I added 20 ml warm water to the wheat and mix for 3 minutes . I noticed the wheat got very thick. then after i added 1 ml (1/4 teaspoon) of detergent and mix gently every five minutes. It looked like watery bread crumbs and it also turned more yellow. The i used a pipette to remove foam from the top of the solution After that i put 14 ml of alcohol down the side so that it forms a layer on the top of the water. It helped the DNA get out from the wheat. Next, i let it sit for a few minutes and white stringily DNA appeared where the water meet the alcohol. Then i used a little wooden stick to to remove the DNA. We thought the over all DNA looked like a booger! Ahaha....it formed into to four layers 1st- the wheat 2nd- the detergent 3rd- white layer (dna) 4th- alcohol *

Olga and Greg predigee.*

Questions

1. Do autosomal dominant disorders skip generations?no, they can but its not likely
2. Could Greg or his mother be carriers of the gene that causes myotonic dystrophy? no, because his mother is over 50 and there is no signs of her having myotonic dystrophy
3. Is there a possibility that Greg’s aunt or uncle is homozygous for the myotonic dystrophy (MD) gene? yes, because one of his aunt and uncles has this disease 
4. Symptoms of myotonic dystrophy sometimes don’t show up until after age fifty. What is the possibility that Greg’s cousin has inherited the MD gene?50/50 because the mother has it
5. What is the possibility that Greg and Olga’s children could inherit the MD gene? no chance because neither of the parents have it.

DNA

DNA- nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms.

DNA is locates in the cell nucleus, however a small amount is found in mitochondria. Every person has the same DNA in their body.

4 Chemical Bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
base pair :Guanine- Cytosine

Their are attached to sugar molecules and phosphate molecules, they are called nucleotide( back bone). Nucleotide have two long strands that are form a spiral thats called double helix. These base pairs form ladder's rung and the sugar and phosphate form the vertical side of the ladder like figure.

Proteins attach to DNA and help the starnds coil ip into the chromosome when the cell gets divide

Replicate: DNA can make copies of itself. Each cells divides because each new cell need to have a exact copy of DNA present in the old cell.


http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/dna

Eugenics*

What is eugenics?

Study or belief in the possibility of improving the human species of a human population, 

discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defect or having a inheritable undesirable traits.

What were the social origins of eugenics?

  Scientists wanted the population to be able bodied and mentally stable. They thought the sterilization of the defective adult could help prevent more people. So basically they want moat of the population to not have human flaws.

What were the scientific origins of eugenics? 

In the 1800's positive eugenics,and negative eugenics came about. The sterilization law pasted in 1907. Therefore the bad eugenics people shouldn't be making babies.

What research methods were used to study eugenics and what were their flaws?

 Researchers discovered how to study the family tree, thats will go way back. They would study all their medical history. Then a researcher, Mendel t

ried experiments of genetic mixing. Brain capability was very hard to measure then because DNA was not discovered. They had difficulties figuring out blood types, eye color, and mental disorders.

How did eugenics research impact U.S society today?

Racial tensions is everywhere, I don't think we'll ever get rid of it. 

Also the way that people look, many people do or want to change their looks. But good things about it is 

more babies live, we figured out some ways to cured diseases.

genetics

            We all have many different genes in us These genes determine what our outer appearance will look like. For instants like out skin color, hair color, eye color,even some diseases we can inherit. People are carriers of some restive disease, but they do not have to have this disease but they will carry it the next generation. Genes have to deal with molecular structure. We inherit our genes from our parents and other blood lines. Our genes are living organisms, even plants and bacteria carrie genes. Our genes have DNA inside the cell, DNA is a molecule with four types of nucleotides. DNA creates other copies of itself, thats how we get more genes that we inherited. 

• Aneesha and I created a fake baby that we would have with each other. We couldn't predict what sex of the baby we will have, Because its an 50- 50 chance its a boy or a girl. Even with the physical appearance. We both thought it was pretty interesting and entertaining  at the same time. The baby turned out to be a good looking kid. :) lol

23 pairs of chromosomes 

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/

cell cycle

Cell Cycle

I realized that I didn't know too much about the cell cycle. So here's the basics of how it works.

• It starts off at with G1- this is when the cell grows, controls mechanism ensures its ready for DNA synthesis
• S phase-the cell makes DNA to make other cells
• G2 phase-cell grows more and makes more cell molecules  Gap between DNA and mitosis, makes sure everything is ready to go into mitosis stage
• Mitosis- cell separates the chromosome in the nucleus into identical sets.

Interphase: End of the Cell Cycle, cell becomes two different cells. cell growth stops at this stage it focuses on the division into two daughters cells.

Metaphase- The chromatids are lined up between.

Anaphase: The chromotids begin to separate and become chromosomes. then moves towards the ends of the poles.  

Metaphase-stage of meiosis, comes before anaphase, chromosome become aligned before getting separated. 

Prophases-nuclear disappears and centrioles divides and migrate to opposite ends of the cells

Telophase-The chromosomes arrive at the poles, and starts to grow a nuclear membranes.

Cytokinesis- A furrow is created in the parent cell and the two new cells grow apart.