photosynthesis

Photosynthesis


My definition on Photosynthesis is a process on plants that make their own food. But it's more copulated than that. The process in plants and some bacterias use the energy from sunlight to create chemical energy and store it into bonds of sugar. The plant needs water and sunlight and to make this happen. This happens in the chlorplast, which is in the plants leaves is where it release 02. The upper part of the leave upper and lower part of the leave doesn't have a chlorplast but is there to protect the rest of the leaf. The middle is the stomate and it is used for air exchange. They let in the CO2 and release the 02 in the air. The releases oxygen is what we need to live. Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs red and blue light, making these colors not to be seen by our eyes. It is the green light which is not absorbed that finally reaches our eyes, making chlorophyll appear green.  The cellular respiration convert it into ATP. The sunlight is use for chemical energy and it has green pigment chlorophyll. That why the plants are green.

Dry Lab

Procedure:

• Water plus bromothymol blue is blue-green because carbon dioxide in water produces carbonic acid. 
• Water plus bromothymol blue plus an aquarium snail turns yellow because (BTB) is blur-green liquid which changes to yellow color in acid and back to blue-green when returned to neutral pH.

• Water plus bromothymol blue plus elodea, an aquarium plant, is blur-green because carbon dioxide plus water yields sugar and oxygen when chlorophyll and sunlight are present. 
• Water plus bromothymol blue plus a snails plus elodea is blue- green in light and yellow when left in the dark for three hours because Animal respire, green plants photosynthesize in the light and respire all the time, sugar plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide plus water and energy.

Materials: test tubes, bottle of bromothymol blue, pond water, straw, snail, and a plant ( elodea)

Procedure:get the test tube and fill it about half way with water.  Then put 20 drops of bromothymol blue into the test tube. After that get the straw and blow bubbles into the liquid in the test tube. record the observations.
-second test tube, fill it half way with water. Put 20 drops  of blue bromothymol in the water.  Then place the snail into it.  After 5 mins record the observations.
3rd test tube. - do the same amount of water and same number of drops. but put the plant in the test tube. After 5 mins record the observations.
4th test tube- same amount of water and same number of drops. Place the plant and snail inside the tube and place it into a dark area, no sunlight will hit it

Questions: what does sugar have to do with this?

Enzyme Lab

In the graph we studies the pH. 4,7,10 The highest was 7 and lowest was 4.

number of drops of yeast,  i figured out the the more drops we put the more it would rise

temperature effect had more pressure with warm temperature than any other temperature 

*Mercury

Mercury is a silvery, heavy metal but in liquid form.  Many incidents have been reported with mercury. Mercury has been found way back in 1500 BC.  It was also known as the 'pink disease' . It causes irritability, insomnia, photophabia, and erythema of the palms and soles.  Some medicines used mercury in them.  Mercury is found it batteries, thermometer, many industries, and barometer manufacturing. Mercury is a result of ingestion, injections, vapor inhalation, and absorption through the skin.  It can be evaporated into the air without even being noticed because you can't see it or smell it. It can also be found in food that we consume, such as fish and high fructose corn syrup.  The effects from mercury are headaches, shaking, can't sleep, heart problems,memory loss, irritability, incisiveness.   Also gives the body rashes and sores.  The body can get rid of mercury by urinating. As you can see mercury is a very powerful poison you mess with.

*Greek word- hydrargyrias, meaning water silver
*Symbol-Hg

http://www.medicinenet.com/mercury_poisoning/article.htm

cell structure

animal cell: 

Animal cells are mostly eukaryotic cells like the plant cell, which means is it surrounded by the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is barrier that lets nutrients enter and the waste to leave. There is one nucleus which contains for cell growth and reproduction. The cytoplasm has organelles, its is surrounded by the membrane. The cell walls allow the animal cell to develop to different cell types such as tissues and organs. The cilia and flagella are organisms that move fluids past the immobile cell. The lysosmose breaks down cellular waste.

plant cell:

Plant cells is some what like the animal cell, but they are different in some ways. What I think is cool about the plant cell is that they can make their own food. Chlorophyll give the plant the green color, because it lets the cell use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar and carbs. Plant basically have two types, the vascular and non-vascular. Vascular plants are better because they have xylem. The animal cell has to have protein to get nutrients but the plant cells are able to use inorganic forms, which means they do not need an outside source of protein. The parts in the cell structure basically do the same as the animal cell like and ribosome, nucleus, and so forth. Animal cells don't have rigid cell walls like the plant cell. The plant cell contains are bigger central vacuole. The plant cell form carbon dioxide into sugar and the animal cell has to break down the carbon dioxide to make its energy.

lipids and protein

Fats and proteins are insoluble in water. Molecules made up from the combination of one molecule of glycerol with three fatty acids. The purpose of the fat is to serve as a storage system and reserves the supply of energy.During periods of low food consumption, fat reserves in the body can be broken down to release energy. Fats can be classified as either saturated or unsaturated depending on the structure. Saturated fats having health risks like arteries and heart disease. They are at room temperature. However proteins are polymer of amino acids. Protein is made up of different types of amino acids. Two amino acids bond together and create a long chain. There are two main types of protein in the human body, which are structural protein and functional protein. Structural protein forms a solid material, like hair and tendons. The functional protein helps get out functions in the human body. It occurs in red blood cells, and transports oxygen in the body. There are many different types of protein in the body

Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. It causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and the digestive tract. It is a common lung disease that mostly young adults get, and may lead to death. This disease is caused by an defective gene, that causes the body to produce sticky fluid. The mucus builds up in the breathing passage in the lung. It could also be found in the pancreas. This will result in a lung infection or a serious digestion problem. what causes this problem?... is CF genes. CF genes must be inherited by two parents. 1 in 29 caucasians have Cf genes. Some things that help prevent this disease are antibiotics to help treat the lung infection. There is a flu vaccine that helps to prevent cystic fibrosis. Also a lung transplant could be the only option if it is that bad. Cystic fibrosis is a horrible inherited disease that many people have. 

cell membrane poster

cell membrane

All cells are blocks of life, like the cell membrane. the cell membrane forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. While allows the cell to function properly.The inner and outer lays has an hydrophilic phospholipid head, means they are attracted to water. The cell membrane separates a cell from the water because it composes of water insoluble phosholipid and protein.Each cell is made up of different structures It is covering the different organelles of the cell and it's fluids. The membranes are fluid mosaics, which proteins move in layers of lipids. The phosholipid Bilayer is al a fluid portion of the membrane. Each part in the cell has a different and important function within the cell membrane.

carbohydrate concept map

acid ph and bases.

I learned that acids are mostly are a sour taste. And are corrosive to metal. They become less acidic when mixed when a base. Acids react with bases to neutralize their properties.  The color that acids mostly are is redish color. Bases are slippery, and are blue. They become less basic when mixed with an acid, and conducts electricity. I just learned that water behaves both as a acid and base. When an acid and base are together, they are neutralize. thats about what i've learned from ph, acid and base lab.

Dead simple way to see atomic structure: current event

http://www.futurity.org/science-technology/dead-simple-way-to-see-atomic-structure/


This article made me really think about molecules and how to learn how to pin down a molecules like the scientist in the article. He figured out how to hold down moving molecules under room temp but he learned this by accident.How cool is that to do that by accident. Heath and Colleagues scientists, thought anomalies were water moleules trapped under grapheme, but found out that it really was water molecules. Then they wanted to discover shrink wrap, and figured out that the structures noticeable at higher temperatures. But then they become unnoticeable in dry conditions. You never know you just may figure out a new world....by accident.




                  

Antacids Lab

waterlab blog

This lab was probably the coolest lab i've ever did. I didn't know that it could be fun but at the same time a learning expirance. I learned that water is a physical combination. Also that the molecules join by polar covalent bonds. The oxygen end of the water has a negative charge and the hydrogen end has a postive charge. I also learned that water molecules are cohesive and adhesive which mean that they cling together.


string&water-I never knew that water could run down a string, i thought it was impossible. There was a little trick to getting it done, your finger would have to hold a part of the string in the breaker. After that simple thing i could get the water down the string like a pro.  It was adhesive because the water was sticking the the string


water&penny-I was also suprised on the number of water droplets that could fit on a penny. The penny could hold more water droplets than alcohol.


The wax paper-the wax paper did not attract water,water drop is attracted to the other water molecules in the drop. It was cohesive because the water stuck together and wouldn't break into two.

Rosuvastatin in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Colon Cancer That Was Removed By Surgery

Why I choose this disease to study about because my father has colon cancer. Therefore i wanted to learn more about this type of cancer. Also if there were any cures, and the medications others would use.


The purpose of this study was to see is if Rosuvastatin could stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking the enzymes needed for the cell growth. Also if Rosuvastatin would kill the remaining cells after surgery. Also keep polyps from coming back. And if it was more effective than placebo. I learned many new times from this study. The panients recieved Rosuvastatin one time a day for five year, others would take placebo once daily for five years. Alot of people are able to do this study if they're over 18 and not healthy. It didn't tell weather which type of medication was better than the other.

Homecoming

homecoming is just around the corner. Some of the dress up days are weird, but i am ready for it. I enjoy to do all the activities. like pole decorating, the float,  mostly just getting out of class lol. Also because i get to cheer from the football game. The dance is pretty fun too! :D