DNA Sequencing Activity*

I think that most likely that all of them have a disease because they all have changes in their DNA. However I don't think that Carol is that messed up because she is just missing one base which caused everything to shift over. Bob should have something to worry about because he is already missing amino acid because he is not getting enough protein. And Abby just has one base change, so it shouldn't be a big deal.

Abby: GAG-->GTG point mutation Glu( +)-->Val(hydrophobic) 

one base change

Bob: AAG-->TAG LYS-->STOP end of the protein= Truncation mutation

missing amino acid because it's not getting enough protein 

Carol:  DNA is not that messed up but it is missing a base therefore it made everything             shift over, which is called a Frameshift mutation.

normal: ACT CCT GAG

              | | /   ///    ///

Carol:  ACC CTG AGG 

Different ways to make a baby

 Makin babies!

• When i heard about all the ways you can make a baby, I was amazed! I had no idea you can reproduce in so many ways. Well of course everyone knows a the nature way with sex. But the other 18 ways are just crazy.

1. Nature sex
2. single sperm is injected into the mothers egg.
3. of mother with sperm
4. with egg and sperm donors, using surrogate mother
5. Vitro fertilization using egg of mother and sperm of father
6. Intra cytoplamic sperm injection
7. Freezing embryos for womans later use
8. Premplantation genetic diagnosis
9. egg donor
10. sperm donor
11. egg and sperm donor
12. surrogate using parents 
13. surrogate and egg donor
14. surrogate and sperm donor
15. egg, sperm from baby father
16. surrogate using egg anf sperm donors.
17. Cytoplasmic transfer
18. Nuclear transfer/ cloning

The one that i think is pretty amazing is taking eggs from a woman and freezing them then later fertilzing them with mans sperm,  returning the embryos to her uterus days later. Therefore you could have a baby at whatever age you want. The other one that  interests me  is cloning. I think that it is so crazy that we got so advanced, that it is a possibly.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/glossary.html#frozen

DNA LAB*

 




 

Getting DNA from wheat

• First, I added 20 ml warm water to the wheat and mix for 3 minutes . I noticed the wheat got very thick. then after i added 1 ml (1/4 teaspoon) of detergent and mix gently every five minutes. It looked like watery bread crumbs and it also turned more yellow. The i used a pipette to remove foam from the top of the solution After that i put 14 ml of alcohol down the side so that it forms a layer on the top of the water. It helped the DNA get out from the wheat. Next, i let it sit for a few minutes and white stringily DNA appeared where the water meet the alcohol. Then i used a little wooden stick to to remove the DNA. We thought the over all DNA looked like a booger! Ahaha....it formed into to four layers 1st- the wheat 2nd- the detergent 3rd- white layer (dna) 4th- alcohol *

Olga and Greg predigee.*

Questions

1. Do autosomal dominant disorders skip generations?no, they can but its not likely
2. Could Greg or his mother be carriers of the gene that causes myotonic dystrophy? no, because his mother is over 50 and there is no signs of her having myotonic dystrophy
3. Is there a possibility that Greg’s aunt or uncle is homozygous for the myotonic dystrophy (MD) gene? yes, because one of his aunt and uncles has this disease 
4. Symptoms of myotonic dystrophy sometimes don’t show up until after age fifty. What is the possibility that Greg’s cousin has inherited the MD gene?50/50 because the mother has it
5. What is the possibility that Greg and Olga’s children could inherit the MD gene? no chance because neither of the parents have it.

DNA

DNA- nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms.

DNA is locates in the cell nucleus, however a small amount is found in mitochondria. Every person has the same DNA in their body.

4 Chemical Bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
base pair :Guanine- Cytosine

Their are attached to sugar molecules and phosphate molecules, they are called nucleotide( back bone). Nucleotide have two long strands that are form a spiral thats called double helix. These base pairs form ladder's rung and the sugar and phosphate form the vertical side of the ladder like figure.

Proteins attach to DNA and help the starnds coil ip into the chromosome when the cell gets divide

Replicate: DNA can make copies of itself. Each cells divides because each new cell need to have a exact copy of DNA present in the old cell.


http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/dna